No other feline expression touches humans on quite the same level as that of a cat's purr. A purr can be felt but not heard, or rumble with the gusto of a Mack truck. While most people assume the purr serves as an expression of kitty contentment, the mysterious sound—how it's created, and why—isn't that simple.
Most cat vocalizations are produced by oscillation of the vocal folds during exhalation or even inhalation (purr). Cats that lose their "meows" (exhale) due to injury are often still able to purr, but cats with laryngeal paralysis lose their purr. It appears that the internal laryngeal muscles, which control the opening and closing of the space between the vocal cords (glottis), create the purring sound. Studies have shown that this laryngeal muscle movement is controlled by a unique "neural oscillator" in the cat's brain.
The mother cat's purr serves as a vibration-beacon that tells her blind and deaf newborn kittens her location. Kittens begin to purr back by two days of age.
Purring may be a kitten-trait specific to infants that adults retain. The babies often indulge in kneading behavior while they purr. Adult cats often retain this behavior, particularly when they purr.
People often consider purrs to be an expression of affection, and it is a communication tool. Cats and kittens rarely purr when they are alone. Purrs are aimed at other cats or people. The purr has been described as the feline equivalent to a smile, which makes great sense. After all, people smile for all kinds of reasons—happiness, nerves, fear—and a smile (or a purr) doesn't necessarily indicate happiness.
Purrs rumble at all sorts of occasions, even when your cat is frightened or in pain. Some behaviorists suggest that the purr is a sign of submission that signals to the other cats and people that they offer no threat or need comfort. That may be why the purr is used both in times of contentment to express joy, and during times of stress to relieve tension. When your cat comes to you with kneading paws and luxurious purrs, perhaps that's its way of calling you family.
Not all cats purr. That does not mean they are depressed or unhappy. It may simply mean the cat is incredibly well-adjusted and feels no need to purr. In a multi-cat household, the most confident cat-in-control may purr less because it's already in charge, while the other kitties purr more in deference to its status.
Only small cats can purr, while big cat relatives such as lions can roar. Tigers have a kind of "silent" low-frequency purr that is beyond the range of hearing and happens simultaneously with their roar. This mysterious tiger sound has the power to briefly paralyze prey.
House cats also have a mysterious power-purr. Dr. Karen McComb was the lead author of a study at the University of Sussex in England that was published in 2009. She identified a "soliciting purr" different than the everyday sound, that had similar frequencies to a crying human baby.
This specialized purr with an embedded obnoxious high frequency was found to be used by cats in the study as an effective means to get owners out of bed to fill the food bowl. The cry is always at a low level in normal purring, but cats with a close relationship with their owners seem to learn to dramatically exaggerate what prompts a beneficial response in their humans.
Whatever the cat's reason for the purr, humans certainly enjoy the sound (except when too early in the morning). The purr is a feline lullaby that soothes the singer as well as the listener's soul.
How to Dispose of Cat Litter
Cleaning cat litter is a necessary chore for all cat owners, but what's the best way to dispose of it? Generally, flushing is not a safe option.
Why Your Cat Is Rolling Around on Its Back
When your cat rolls on its back, it could be telling you something. Rolling can signal the cat feels safe and might want some attention from you.
What Your Cat Is Saying With Its Eyes
Understand how cats communicate with their eyes, from arousal and trust to dominance and aggression.
Why Cats Like Being Pet
Why do some cats enjoy being pet and others don't? Learn why certain cats want you to pet them while others just want to be left untouched.
100+ White Cat Names
White cat names can pay homage to their wintry fur, like Snowflake or Frosty, but can also be playful, such as Marshmallow, or elegant, like Pearl.
The First 30 Days With Your New Kitten
The first month is full of changes and excitement for a kitten in a new home. Find out what to expect and what you can do for your new feline friend.
What Is the Difference Between Cat Hair and Fur?
Is there a difference between cat hair and cat fur? Learn the correct terminology and about five different kinds of hair found on your feline.
Explore the Sources of Your Cat's Personality
What influences your cat's personality? Genetics, history, and environmental factors can contribute to your cat's mannerisms and moodiness.
15 Best Movie-Inspired Cat Names
If you are bringing home a kitty and you are a big movie buff, then a cinematic cat name might be right up your alley for your new feline friend.
10 Most Intelligent Cat Breeds
Looking for a smart cat? Learn about the pros and cons of 10 intelligent cat breeds, including Burmese and Siamese, to decide if one is right for you.
8 Cute Pictures of Norwegian Forest Cats
Learn about the history of Norwegian forest cats, and check out cute pictures of Norway's national cat.
12 Fluffy Cat Breeds Perfect for Endless Cuddles
If you like long-haired cats and don't mind daily (or almost daily) brushing, you’ll love these fluffy cat breeds.
Feline Breeds, Domestic Shorthair Cats, and Color Patterns
Cat lovers often are confused about identifying terms, such as purebred, DSH, and tabby. Learn more about the differences between these terms.
Havana Brown: Cat Breed Profile
The Havana Brown is a beautiful and rare cat breed with an interesting background.
Bambino: Cat Breed Profile, Characteristics & Care
The bambino cat is a controversial cross between a hairless sphynx and the short-legged munchkin. Learn about the bambino breed.
11 Cute Pictures of Ragdoll Cats
Ragdoll cats are known for their beautiful coats and bright, blue eyes. Learn all about the breed, and check out some cute pictures here.
Pictures and Facts About Bengal Cats and Kittens
Bengal cats are a cross between wild cats and domestic cats. Learn more about what they look like and pictures of this beautiful spotted breed.
Signs of Heat in Cats
A cat in heat will show several physical and behavioral signs. Here's how to tell if your cat is in heat and how to care for her during this time. Learn the signs and how to prevent pregnancy, even if her cycle has begun.
Why Is My Dog’s Ear Swollen? Causes and Treatment of Ear Hematoma
If your dog’s ear is swollen, it could indicate an ear hematoma. Learn the primary causes and treatments for ear hematomas in dogs straight from a veterinarian.
Are Snake Plants Toxic to Cats?
Snake plants can be toxic to cats, depending on the amount of plant ingested and other factors. If you suspect your cat has ingested any amount of a snake plant, seek veterinary attention immediately to prevent serious complications.
